Delphi
. DES.
, DES -
, 1974
IBM. 64
, 56 , 8 -
.
(S-)
( E, IP, IP-1) . DES
:
- (ECB Electronic Code Book),
- ( Cipher Block Chaining),
- (CFB Cipher Feed Back),
- (OFB Output Feed Back).
.
,
. .
ECB, c
. ,
, .
.
(:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tux.jpg?uselang=ru):

(
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tux_ecb.jpg?uselang=ru):

,
(
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tux_secure.jpg?uselang=ru):

.
, .
, ( )
2 ( XOR) .
ECB:
,
. :
.
2 ( )
.
.
. F
,
.
.
(OFB)[5]
: ,
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. , ,
.
,
.
DES
. n k-
. , , n-
,
.
.
, 16 , .
:
58 |
50 |
42 |
34 |
26 |
18 |
10 |
2 |
60 |
52 |
44 |
36 |
28 |
20 |
12 |
4 |
62 |
54 |
46 |
38 |
30 |
22 |
14 |
6 |
64 |
56 |
48 |
40 |
32 |
24 |
16 |
8 |
57 |
49 |
41 |
33 |
25 |
17 |
9 |
1 |
59 |
51 |
43 |
35 |
27 |
19 |
11 |
3 |
61 |
53 |
45 |
37 |
29 |
21 |
13 |
5 |
63 |
55 |
47 |
39 |
31 |
23 |
15 |
7 |
,
- 58,50 42, 23,15 7.
16- .
, 32 :
L(0) R(0). L(0)
- , R0 - .
T(0).
T(i-1)=L(i-1)R(i-1)
- i-1 , i-
T(i)=L(i)R(i) :
L(i)=R(i-1)
R(i)=L(i) f((R(i-1),(k(i))
f -
. 32-
R(i-1) 48- k(i),
56- k.
f
:
1. E.
2. XOR (
) k.
3. S,
8 S1, S2, S3,
... S8.
4. P.
. E
:
32 |
1 |
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3 |
4 |
5 |
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25 |
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28 |
29 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
1 |
,
E(Ri-1) 32,1 2 Ri-1.
, .
E(Ri-1) 2 ( XOR)
ki.
B1, B2, B3, ... B8.
B 6-
.
, B
B'
S. :
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
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0 |
14 |
4 |
13 |
1 |
2 |
15 |
11 |
8 |
3 |
10 |
6 |
12 |
5 |
9 |
0 |
7 |
S1 |
1 |
0 |
15 |
7 |
4 |
14 |
2 |
13 |
1 |
10 |
6 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
5 |
3 |
8 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
14 |
8 |
13 |
6 |
2 |
11 |
15 |
12 |
9 |
7 |
3 |
10 |
5 |
0 |
3 |
15 |
12 |
8 |
2 |
4 |
9 |
1 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
3 |
14 |
10 |
0 |
6 |
13 |
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0 |
15 |
1 |
8 |
14 |
6 |
11 |
3 |
4 |
9 |
7 |
2 |
13 |
12 |
0 |
5 |
10 |
S2
|
1 |
3 |
13 |
4 |
7 |
15 |
2 |
8 |
14 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
10 |
6 |
9 |
11 |
5 |
2 |
0 |
14 |
7 |
11 |
10 |
4 |
13 |
1 |
5 |
8 |
12 |
6 |
9 |
3 |
2 |
15 |
3 |
13 |
8 |
10 |
1 |
3 |
15 |
4 |
2 |
11 |
6 |
7 |
12 |
0 |
5 |
14 |
9 |
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0 |
10 |
0 |
9 |
14 |
6 |
3 |
15 |
5 |
1 |
13 |
12 |
7 |
11 |
4 |
2 |
8 |
S3
|
1 |
13 |
7 |
0 |
9 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
10 |
2 |
8 |
5 |
14 |
12 |
11 |
15 |
1 |
2 |
13 |
6 |
4 |
9 |
8 |
15 |
3 |
0 |
11 |
1 |
2 |
12 |
5 |
10 |
14 |
7 |
3 |
1 |
10 |
13 |
0 |
6 |
9 |
8 |
7 |
4 |
15 |
14 |
3 |
11 |
5 |
2 |
12 |
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0 |
7 |
13 |
14 |
3 |
0 |
6 |
9 |
10 |
1 |
2 |
8 |
5 |
11 |
12 |
4 |
15 |
S4
|
1 |
13 |
8 |
11 |
5 |
6 |
15 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
2 |
12 |
1 |
10 |
14 |
9 |
2 |
10 |
6 |
9 |
0 |
12 |
11 |
7 |
13 |
15 |
1 |
3 |
14 |
5 |
2 |
8 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
15 |
0 |
6 |
10 |
1 |
13 |
8 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
11 |
12 |
7 |
2 |
14 |
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0 |
2 |
12 |
4 |
1 |
7 |
10 |
11 |
6 |
8 |
5 |
3 |
15 |
13 |
0 |
14 |
9 |
S5
|
1 |
14 |
11 |
2 |
12 |
4 |
7 |
13 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
15 |
10 |
3 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
11 |
10 |
13 |
7 |
8 |
15 |
9 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
3 |
0 |
14 |
3 |
11 |
8 |
12 |
7 |
1 |
14 |
2 |
13 |
6 |
15 |
0 |
9 |
10 |
4 |
5 |
3 |
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0 |
12 |
1 |
10 |
15 |
9 |
2 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
13 |
3 |
4 |
14 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
S6 |
1 |
10 |
15 |
4 |
2 |
7 |
12 |
9 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
13 |
14 |
0 |
11 |
3 |
8 |
2 |
9 |
14 |
15 |
5 |
2 |
8 |
12 |
3 |
7 |
0 |
4 |
10 |
1 |
13 |
11 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
12 |
9 |
5 |
15 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
1 |
7 |
6 |
0 |
8 |
13 |
|
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0 |
4 |
11 |
2 |
14 |
15 |
0 |
8 |
13 |
3 |
12 |
9 |
7 |
5 |
10 |
6 |
1 |
S7
|
1 |
13 |
0 |
11 |
7 |
4 |
9 |
1 |
10 |
14 |
3 |
5 |
12 |
2 |
15 |
8 |
6 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
3 |
7 |
14 |
10 |
15 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
5 |
9 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
11 |
13 |
8 |
1 |
4 |
10 |
7 |
9 |
5 |
0 |
15 |
14 |
2 |
3 |
12 |
|
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0 |
13 |
2 |
8 |
4 |
6 |
15 |
11 |
1 |
10 |
9 |
3 |
14 |
5 |
0 |
12 |
7 |
S8
|
1 |
1 |
15 |
13 |
8 |
10 |
3 |
7 |
4 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
11 |
0 |
14 |
9 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
11 |
4 |
1 |
9 |
12 |
14 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
10 |
13 |
15 |
3 |
5 |
8 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
14 |
7 |
4 |
10 |
8 |
13 |
15 |
12 |
9 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
11 |
, B3=101111
B'3.
a,
0 3. 4 b,
0 15. S3
0 3, 0 15. (, b)
, b.
B'3.
a = 11. 3.
b 0111,
7. , 3
7. 7.
P.
:
16 |
7 |
20 |
21 |
29 |
12 |
28 |
17 |
1 |
15 |
23 |
26 |
5 |
18 |
31 |
10 |
2 |
8 |
24 |
14 |
32 |
27 |
3 |
9 |
19 |
13 |
30 |
6 |
22 |
11 |
4 |
25 |
,
P- -
16,17,20,21.
.
k,
8 ki. , 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48,
56, 64 k
.
.
( 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64),
:
57 |
49 |
41 |
33 |
25 |
17 |
1 |
9 |
C0 |
10 |
2 |
59 |
51 |
43 |
35 |
19 |
27 |
63 |
55 |
47 |
39 |
31 |
23 |
7 |
15 |
D0 |
14 |
6 |
61 |
53 |
45 |
37 |
21 |
29 |
C0 D0 28 .
C0 59, 49 41 .
D0 - 63,55,47
. Ci, Di C(i-1), D(i-1)
:
i |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
ki, i=1,...16
48 , 56-
CiDi :
14 |
17 |
11 |
24 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
28 |
15 |
6 |
21 |
10 |
23 |
19 |
12 |
4 |
26 |
8 |
16 |
7 |
27 |
20 |
13 |
2 |
41 |
52 |
31 |
37 |
47 |
55 |
30 |
40 |
51 |
45 |
33 |
48 |
44 |
49 |
39 |
56 |
34 |
53 |
46 |
42 |
50 |
36 |
29 |
32 |
IP-1. T16
40 |
8 |
48 |
16 |
56 |
24 |
64 |
32 |
39 |
7 |
47 |
15 |
55 |
23 |
63 |
31 |
38 |
6 |
46 |
14 |
54 |
22 |
62 |
30 |
37 |
5 |
45 |
13 |
53 |
21 |
61 |
29 |
36 |
4 |
44 |
12 |
52 |
20 |
60 |
28 |
35 |
3 |
43 |
11 |
51 |
19 |
59 |
27 |
34 |
2 |
42 |
10 |
50 |
18 |
58 |
26 |
33 |
1 |
41 |
9 |
49 |
17 |
57 |
25 |
. 16 ,
c ,
. :
R(i-1)=Li
L(i-1)=Ri f(Li,ki)
ki,
f, IP IP-1
, .
|